Краудфандинг как инструмент инвестиционных возможностей и демократизации финансирования малого и среднего бизнеса - стр. 5

Using traditional sources of capital raising, such as bank loans or venture capital, is difficult for most start-ups and companies in the early stages of their development. Despite the fact that their number is growing at a rapid pace. For example, in India, the number of startups increased from 471 in 2016 to 72,993 as of mid 2022. In the US and Canada, startups account for 17.5 % and 18.4 % of the total number of business entities in these countries, respectively. Startups have raised significant funds to increase their presence in the global market and raise investments in research and development. This rise in startups is expected to further boost the crowdfunding market as a more attractive funding mechanism for such firms. Alternative methods of financing, such as crowdfunding, allow such companies to raise funds from a large number of both individual and institutional investors, professional and non-professional investors. Potential investors put money in those companies and projects that they trust. This is especially true during periods of crisis when traditional sources of financing are practically unavailable. The lack of liquidity affects all participants, including governments, financial institutions, and companies. A typical example of such a situation was a pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most traditional investors in non-traded companies, such as venture capitalists, have reduced their investments and the number of companies in their portfolios by at least half, while the volume of equity crowdfunding has increased, spreading the amount of investments among a large number of investors.

The study of the motives of issuers using the equity crowdfunding mechanism, the reasons why investors choose the shares of companies on crowdfunding platforms, factors of success of companies at crowdfunding platforms is important, both from an academic and practical perspective. Risks for investors and ways to reduce them are also relevant to study. These issues are in the focus of attention of both regulators and market participants in different countries. The subject of many studies is the specifics of the regulation of crowdfunding, the approaches of regulators to the establishment of rules and regulations regarding this financial instrument.

The motives of investors buying shares of companies on crowdfunding platforms include the intention to support entrepreneurship and innovation, social and innovative projects that the issuing companies plan to implement, participation in governance of issuing companies, getting control with the opportunity to propose their representatives to the boards of directors. However, the main motivating factors are the growth of the future value and return on investment of the companies, through the development and promotion of high-tech products. Investors may view these investments as long-term investments aimed at increasing the value of the firm.