Размер шрифта
-
+

Ксенофобия, радикализм и преступления на почве ненависти на пространстве ОБСЕ. 2018–2020 гг.

1

Центра этнополитических исследований. ИЭА РАН, онлайн: http://iea-ras.ru/index. php?go=Structure&id=12&in=view.

2

«СЕТЬ ЭТНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА EAWARN ПЕРЕДУМАЛА ЗАКРЫВАТЬСЯ», «Национальный акцент», онлайн: https://nazaccent.ru/content/11250-set-etnologicheskogo-monito ringa-eawarn-prosushestvuet-eshe.html.

3

Сеть этнологического мониторинга и раннего предупреждения конфликтов, онлайн: https://dic. academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1428250.

4

В. В. Степанов «О Стратегии противодействия экстремизму в Российской Федерации» // «Этно политическая ситуация в России и сопредельных государствах. Ежегодный доклад Сети этнологического мониторинга, 2013 г.», с. 165, онлайн: http://xn–8sbnatxcctbeddbtj9c2e.xn-p1ai/files/ doc-files/2016/08/etnopoliticheskaya_situaciya_v_rossii_-_2013.pdf.

5

Александр Верховский «Уголовное право стран ОБСЕ против преступлений ненависти, возбуж дения ненависти и языка вражды», М., 2015, онлайн: https://www.sova-center.ru/files/books/cl15-text.pdf.

6

См.: интернет-платформа «Гражданская нация», публикации, онлайн: https://www.ru.civic-nation. org/publikatsii/?PAGEN_1=3.

7

Там же, онлайн: https://www.ru.civic-nation.org.

8

И. Н. Тарасов «Правый радикализма и факторы ксенофобских социальных практик в Венгрии и Словакии: сравнительный анализ» // ж-л «Сравнительная политика», 2017, т. 8, № 1, онлайн: https://www.comparativepolitics.org/jour/article/view/574/478.

9

«Политические партии перед новыми вызовами: опыт Западной Европы и России» // ж-л «Ак туальные проблемы Европы», 2018, с. 235–268., онлайн: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politic heskie-partii-pered-novymi-vyzovami-opyt-zapadnoy-evropy-i-rossii-metodicheskiy-seminar-tsent ra-nauchno-informatsionnyh.

10

«Современные ультраправые. Правый радикализм в Европе: идеология, социальная база, пер спективы», ЦМКА, Московский институт психоанализа, 2018.

11

В. В. Энгель «Современный европейский радикализм: компаративный анализ» / /Московский институт психоанализа. ЦМКА // «Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии», с. 138–161, онлайн: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennyy-evropeyskiy-radikalizm-komparativnyy-analiz.

12

“A comparative analysis of right-wing radical and Islamist communities’ strategies for survival in social networks (evidence from the Russian social network VKontakte)”// “Media, War&Conflict”, vol. 13, № 4, p. 425–447.

13

Herbert Kitschelt, Anthony J. McGann “The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis”, Michigan, 1997.

14

В. В. Энгель «Современный европейский радикализм: компаративный анализ» // Московский институт психоанализа. ЦМКА// «Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии», с. 138–161, онлайн: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennyy-evropeyskiy-radikalizm-komparativnyy-analiz.

15

Cas Mudde “The Ideology of the Extreme Right”, Manchester University Press, 2002, online at: https:// library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/35009/341385. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

16

Cas Mudde “Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe” // “Slavic and East European Journal”, May 2005, № 19 (2), p. 161–184.

17

Cas Mudde “Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe”, University of Georgia, 2007.

18

Cas Mudde “The Far Right Today”, Polity, Cambridge, 2019.

19

“Right-Wing Radicalism Today. Perspectives from Europe and the US”, London, 2013, online: https:// www.routledge.com/Right-Wing-Radicalism-Today-Perspectives-from-Europe-and-the-US/Mering-McCarty/p/book/9780415627283.

20

Ibid, p. 9–18.

21

Joachim Kersten, Natalia Hankel “A comparative look at right-wing extremism, anti-Semitism, and xenophobic hate crimes in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia” // “Right-Wing Radicalism Today. Perspectives from Europe and the US”, London, 2013, online: https://www.routledge.com/Right-Wing-Radicalism-Today-Perspectives-from-Europe-and-the-US/Mering-McCarty/p/book/9780415627283, p. 85–94.

22

Andrea Pirro “Populist Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe: The Difef rent Context and Issues of the Prophets of the Patria” // “Government & Opposition”, vol. 49(4), p. 600–629.

23

Andrea L. P. Pirro, Homepage, online: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9efVotAAAAA J&hl=en.

24

Anna Kende, Peter Kreko “Xenophobia, prejudice, and right-wing populism in East-Central Europe” // ”Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences”, vol. 34, August 2020, p. 29–33, online: https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154619301299.

25

“The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right”, Edited by Jens Rydgren, Oxford, 2018, online at: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-the-radical-right-9780190274559?cc=lv&lang=en&.

26

Lewis Davis and Sumit S. Deole. 2017. Immigration and the Rise of Far-Right Parties in Europe. – Ifo DICE Report, # 4/2017, December, vol. 15. (https://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/dice-report-2017-4-davis-deole-december.pdf (accessed: 02.12.2018).

27

Kehrberg Jason “The Demand Side of Support for Radical Right Parties” // “Comparative European Politics”, #13(5), p. 553–576, online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264474027_The_Demand_Side_of_Support_for_Radical_Right_Parties.

28

Menno Fenger “The social policy agendas of populist radical right parties in comparative perspective” // Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, Volume 34, Issue 3: SI: Social Policy and Populism: welfare chauvinism and identity politics in a Europe on the brink of Brexit, October 2018, p. 188–209, online at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-international-and-comparative – social-policy.

29

Vasiliki Georgiadu, Lamprini Rori, Costas Roumanias “Mapping the European far right in the 21st century: A meso-level analysis” // “Electoral Studies”, vol. 54, August 2018, p. 103–115, online at: https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026137941830026X#!.

30

David Andreas Bell, Zan Strabac“ Exclusion of Muslims in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. A Com parative Analysis of Anti-Muslim Attitudes in France, Norway, Poland and Czech Republic” // “International Journal of Minority and Group Right’, vol. 28, #1, p. 117–142.

31

Center for Analysis of the Radical Rights, online at: https://www.radicalrightanalysis.com/.

32

“Populism Research Unit. Year in Review Report”, CARR, December 2020, online at: https://usercontent. one/wp/www.radicalrightanalysis.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/PRU-Year-in-Review-2020.pdf.

33

“Ideology Research Unit. Year and Review Report”, CARR, December 2020, online at: https://usercontent. one/wp/www.radicalrightanalysis.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IRU-Year-in-Review-2020.pdf.

34

“Organisation Research Unit. Year and Review Report”, CARR, December 2020, online at: https:// usercontent.one/wp/www.radicalrightanalysis.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ORU-Year-in-Review-2020.pdf.

35

Valery Engel “Will be the world more tolerant afet r the Covid-19 Pandemic?”, May 27, 2020, online at: https://www.radicalrightanalysis.com/2020/05/27/will-be-the-world-more-tolerant-afet r-the-covid-19-pandemic/.

36

Ibid.

37

Maik Fielitz, Julia Ebner, Jakob Guhl and Matthias Quent “Loving Hate. Anti-Muslim Extremism, Rad ical Islamism and the Spiral of Polarization”, Jena/London/Berlin 2018, online at: http://www.radical-rightanalysis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/IDZ_Sonderheft_01_eng_Web.pdf.

38

Ibid.

39

Carlos Pestana Barros and Isabel Proença “Mixed Logit Estimation of Radical Islamic Terrorism in Eu rope and North America: A Comparative Study” // “The Journal of Conflict Resolution”, Vol. 49, No. 2, The Political Economy of Transnational Terrorism (Apr., 2005), p. 298–314.

40

Marc Sageman “Leaderless Jihad Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century”, University of Pennsylvania, 2008, online at: https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14390.html.

41

Quintan Wiktorowicz “Radical Islam rising: Muslim extremism in the west”. Maryland: Rowman & Lit tlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005.

42

Silber, M. D., and Bhatt, A. “Radicalization in the west: The homegrown threat”. New York City: NYPD Intelligence Division, 2007, online: https://seths.blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/NYPD_Report-Radicalization_in_the_West.pdf.

43

Miron Lakomy “Islamic State’s Online Propaganda: A Comparative Analysis”, London 2021, online at: https://www.routledge.com/Islamic-States-Online-Propaganda-A-Comparative-Analysis/Lakomy/p/ book/9780367699475.

44

“Al-Qaeda’s propaganda decoded: A psycholinguistic system for detecting variations in terrorism ide ology” // “Terrorism and Political Violence”, May 2016, online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302633089_Al-Qaeda's_propaganda_decoded_A_psycholinguistic_system_for_detecting_vari- ations_in_terrorism_ideology.

45

Gemeah, Ibrahim “Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State: A comparative study of the jihadi narratives”, University of Washington, 2016, online at: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/ handle/1773/36787/Gemeah_washington_0250O_15799.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

46

EKHTIARI AMIRI REZA, ALAVIAN MORTEZA, Vali Nataj Alemeh “Comparative Study of Al-Qaeda and ISIS Groups” // “Fundamental and applied Studies of the Islamic World”, Spring 2020, vol. 2, #, p. 24–57, online at: https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=740610.

47

Shaul Mishal, Maoz Rosenthal “Al Qaeda as a Dune Organization: Toward a Typology of Islamic Terrorist Organizations”, Tel-Aviv University, 2005, online at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/46602/mc20.pdf.

48

Mohamed Elaraishy “THE INTELLECTUAL REVIEWS OF FUNDAMENTALIST ISLAMIC GROUPS’ LEADERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE JIHADI ACTION, THE MUSLIM WORLD, AND THE WEST”, Kansas, 2010.

49

Quintan Wiktorowicz “Joining the Cause: Al-Muhajiroun and Radical Islam”, Department of International Studies, Rhodes College, online at: https://securitypolicylaw.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Wiktorowicz.Joining-the-Cause.pdf.

50

Leslei Lebl “The EU, the Muslim Brotherhood and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation”, December 2013, online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256821635_The_EU_the_Muslim_Brotherhood_and_the_Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation.

51

Edwin Bakker, Roel Meijer “The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe”, December 2012, online at: https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/the-muslim-brotherhood-in-europe/.

52

Thomas K. Gugler “The New Religiosity of Tablighi Jamáat and Dáwat-e Islami and the Transforma tion of Islam in Europe” // “Anthropos: International Review of Anthropology and Linguistics”, January 2010, #105(1), p. 121–136.

53

Gaborieau M. Transnational Islamic Movements: Tablighi Jamaat in Politics. ISIM Newsletter (Interna tional Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World). July 1999. P. 21; Alexiev A. Tablighi Jamaat: Jihad's Stealthy Legions // Middle East Quartely. Winter 2005. P. 3–11.

54

Gruen M. “Hizb ut-Tahrir America Uses Social Media to Promote its "Emerging World Order" Conference”. The Hufifngton Post. 22 September, 2015. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/hizb-ut-tahrir-america-us_b_611595?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSGl6Yl91dC1UYWhyaXJfQW1lcmljYQ&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHqPDooOKHd3YnI71XY1°4oUrru7IK6ElPka7lZLmIEtGcOBex4oVVsHKxAmtIpEdSY4nr0LyYrESxo16S8bp5aYPp3rB_ZdhxeOxsvTcnAEaTinLn9dvEAQzlgemoWlrAOh63_lR8gl6-GLliGcY0t7irSuK7eb66dlV4mbmZaH.

55

Ihzan Yilmaz “The Varied Performance of Hizb ut-Tahrir: Succes in Britain and Uzbekistan and Stalemate in Egypt and Turkey” // Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, December 2010, online at: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/321795611_A_comparative_analysis_of_anti-systemic_political_Islam_ Hizb_ut-Tahrir's_inful ence_in_difef rent_political_settings_Britain_Turkey_Egypt_and_Uzbekistan.

56

Shandon Harris-Hogan, Lorne L. Dawson and Amarnath Amarasingam “A Comparative Analysis of the Nature and Evolution of the Domestic Jihadist Threat to Australia and Canada (2000–2020)” // “Perspectives of Terrorism”, vol. 14, #5, online at: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/ assets/customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2020/issue-5/harris-horgan-et-al.pdf.

57

Anthony Cordesman “Islam and the Patterns in Terrorism and Violent Extremism”, October 17, 2017, Center for Strategic and International Studies, online at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/islam-and-patt erns-terrorism-and-violent-extremism.

58

Ibid.

59

Taylor M. Scimeca “The European Immigration Crisis: An Analysis of how Terror Attacks have Afef cted Immigrant and Refugee Population in Western Europe”, University of Central Florida, 2017, online at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1216&context=honorstheses&httpsredir=1&r eferer=.

60

Maria do Céu Pinto Arena “Islamic Terrorism in the West and International Migrations: The “Far” or “Near” Enemy Within? What is the Evidence” // EUI Working Papers, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, 2017/28, online at: https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/46604/ RSCAS_2017_28.pdf?sequence=1.

61

Lorne L. Dawson “A Comparative Analysis of the Data on Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Who Went and Why?”// ICCT Research Paper, February 2021, online at: https://icct.nl/app/ uploads/2021/02/Dawson-Comparative-Analysis-FINAL-1.pdf.

62

“Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters in Europe. Comparative Analysis” // Council of Europe, 2017, online at: http://mastereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Returning-foreign-terrorist-fighters-in- Europe-.pdf.

63

“The return of foreign fighters to EU soil. Ex-post Evaluation” // European Parliamentary Research Service, May 2018, online at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/621811/ EPRS_STU(2018)621811_EN.pdf.

64

“Returnees in the Magreeb: Comparing Policies on Returning Terrorist Fighters in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia”, Egmont Paper #107, April 2019, online at: http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/ uploads/2019/04/EP107-returnees-in-the-Maghreb.pdf?type=pdf.

65

Л. Е. Гринин, А. В. Коротаев «Исламизм и его роль в современном исламском обществе», Москва, 2019 г.

66

«Исламские радикальные движения на политической карте современного мира: страны Север ной и Северо-Восточной Азии» под ред. А. Д. Саватеева, Э. Ф. Кисриева, Москва, 2015, онлайн: https://publications.hse.ru/books/167852648.

67

«Исламские радикальные движения на политической карте современного мира. Выпуск 2. Северный и Южный Кавказ», под рук-вом И. В. Следзевского, Институт Африки РАН, Российский университет дружбы народов, Москва, 2017 г., онлайн: https://books.google.lv/books?id=Xo1VDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7&source=bl&ots=PQX7KnioG_&sig=ACfU3U1ZlQ3JUy_LY1nyexRuDlp1LZUuJw&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhoKWk4__vAhUh-yoKHddZDnIQ6AEwBnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7&f=false.

68

Joachim Kersten, Natalia Hankel “A comparative look at right-wing extremism, anti-Semitism, and xenophobic hate crimes in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia” // “Right-Wing Radicalism Today. Perspectives from Europe and the US”, London, 2013, online: https://www.routledge.com/Right-Wing-Radicalism- Today-Perspectives-from-Europe-and-the-US/Mering-McCarty/p/book/9780415627283, p. 85–94.

69

С. А. Рагозина «Дискурс политического ислама (на примере интернет-пространства Северного Кавказа)», Москва, 2013.

70

Р. А. Силантьев «К вопросу об экспансии радикальных форм ислама в Российской Федерации» // «Вестник Челябинского государственного университета», № 22 (276), 2012, онлайн: https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-ob-ekspansii-radikalnyh-form-islama-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii.

71

А. М. Сереброва «Исламистские радикальные движения и организации: этапы развития и на правления противодействия», Автореферат, М. 2020, онлайн: https://www.dissercat.com/content/is lamistskie-radikalnye-dvizheniya-i-organizatsii-etapy-razvitiya-i-napravleniya-protivodeis.

72

Там же.

Страница notes