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Все мы смертны. Что для нас дорого в самом конце и чем тут может помочь медицина

1

Пер. Г. Яропольского.

2

A. Gawande Complications. Metropolitan Books, 2002.

3

National Office of Vital Statistics Vital Statistics of the United States, 1945. Government Printing Office, 1947. Р. 104.; https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/vsus_1945_1.pdf.

4

J. Flory et al. Place of Death: U. S. Trends since 1980 // Health Affairs 23 (2004): 194–200; http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/23/3/194.full.html.

5

A. Kellehear A Social History of Dying. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

6

S. Nuland How We Die: Reflections on Life’s Final Chapter. Knopf, 1993.

7

P. Thane ed. A History of Old Age. John Paul Getty Museum Press, 2005.

8

D. H. Fischer Growing Old in America: The Bland-Lee Lectures Delivered at Clark University. Oxford University Press, 1978. См. также C. Haber and B. Gratton Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History. Indiana University Press, 1994.

9

C. A. Kirk Emily Dickinson: A Biography. Greenwood Press, 2004.

10

R. Posner Aging and Old Age. University of Chicago Press, 1995, см., в частности, главу 9.

11

Fischer Growing Old in America.

12

A. Achenbaum Old Age in the New Land. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.

13

United States Census Bureau; https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1208/ML120810045.pdf.

14

World Bank; http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS.

15

China’s Demographic Time Bomb // Time, Aug. 31, 2011; http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2091308,00.html.

16

Posner, гл. 9.

17

Haber and Gratton // PP. 24–25, 39.

18

E. Arias United States Life Tables // National Vital Statistics Reports 62 (2014): 51.

19

L. E. Jones and M. Tertilt An Economic History of Fertility in the U. S., 1826–1960. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 12796, 2006; http://www.nber.org/papers/w12796.

20

Fischer appendix, table 6.

21

L. Rosenmayr and E. Kockeis Propositions for a Sociological Theory of Aging and the Family // International Social Science Journal 15 (1963): 410–424.

22

Haber and Gratton. P. 44.

23

E. Klinenberg Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone. Penguin, 2012.

24

European Commission, i2010 Independent Living for the Ageing Society; http://www.lu.lv/materiali/biblioteka/es/pilnieteksti/nodarbinatiba/i2010.%20Independent%20Living%20for%20the%20Ageing%20Society.pdf.

25

J. A. Trolander From Sun Cities to the Villages. University Press of Florida, 2011.

26

J. R. Lunney et al. Patterns of Functional Decline at the End of Life // Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (2003): 2387–2392. Приведенные графики взяты из этой статьи с небольшими изменениями.

27

National Center for Health Statistics Health United States 2012: With Special Feature on Emergency Care. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

28

J. R. Lunney, J. Lynn, and C. Hogan Profiles of Older Medicare Decedents // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50 (2002): 1109. См. также Lunney et al., Patterns of Functional Decline.

29

G. Gibson and L. C. Niessen Aging and the Oral Cavity в: Geriatric Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach, ed. C. K. Cassel. Springer, 2003. PP. 901–919. См. также I. Barnes and A. Walls Aging of the Mouth and Teeth // Gerodontology. John Wright, 1994.

30

J. R. Drummond, J. P. Newton, and R. Yemm Color Atlas and Text of Dental Care of the Elderly. Mosby-Wolfe, 1995. PP. 49–50.

31

J. J. Warren et al. Tooth Loss in the Very Old: 13–15 Year Incidence among Elderly Iowans // Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 30 (2002): 29–37.

32

A. Hak et al. Progression of Aortic Calcification Is Associated with Metacarpal Bone Loss during Menopause: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study // Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 20 (2000): 1926–1931.

33

H. Yoon et al. Calcium Begets Calcium: Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Subjects // Radiology 224 (2002): 236–241; Hak et al. Progression of Aortic Calcification.

34

N. K. Wenger Cardiovascular Disease в кн.: Geriatric Medicine, ed. Cassel. Springer, 2003; B. Lernfeit et al. Aging and Left Ventricular Function in Elderly Healthy People // American Journal of Cardiology 68 (1991): 547–549.

35

J. D. Walston Sarcopenia in Older Adults // Current Opinion in Rheumatology 24 (2012): 623–627; E. J. Metter et al. Age-Associated Loss of Power and Strength in the Upper Extremities in Women and Men // Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences 52A (1997): B270.

36

E. Carmeli The Aging Hand // Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 58A (2003): 146–152.

37

R. Arking The Biology of Aging: Observations and Principles. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2006; A. S. Dekaban Changes in Brain Weights During the Span of Human Life: Relation of Brain Weights to Body Heights and Body Weights // Annals of Neurology 4 (1978): 355; R. Peters Ageing and the Brain // Postgraduate Medical Journal 82 (2006): 84–85; G. I. M. Craik and E. Bialystok Cognition Through the Lifespan: Mechanisms of Change // Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006): 132; R. S. N. Liu et al. A Longitudinal Study of Brain Morphometrics Using Quantitative Magentic Resonance Imaging and Difference Image Analysis // NeuroImage 20 (2003): 26; T. A. Salthouse Aging and Measures of Processing Speed // Biological Psychology 54 (2000): 37; D. A. Evans et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons // JAMA 262 (1989): 2251.

38

R. E. Ricklefs Evolutionary Theories of Aging: Confirmation of a Fundamental Prediction, with Implications for the Genetic Basis and Evolution of Life Span // American Naturalist 152 (1998): 24–44; R. M. Zammuto Life Histories of Birds: Clutch Size, Longevity, and Body Mass among North American Game Birds // Canadian Journal of Zoology 64 (1986): 2739–2749.

39

C. Mobbs Molecular and Biologic Factors in Aging в: Geriatric Medicine, ed. Cassel; L. A. Gavrilov and N. S. Gavrilova, Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity // Scientific World Journal 2 (2002): 346.

40

S. J. Olshansky The Demography of Aging в: Geriatric Medicine, ed. Cassel; Kellehear, A Social History.

41

Пер. А. Бобовича и др.

42

G. Kolata Live Long? Die Young? Answer Isn’t Just in Genes // New York Times, Aug. 31, 2006; K. Christensen and A. M. Herskind, Genetic Factors Associated with Individual Life Duration: Heritability в кн.: J. M. Robine et al., eds., Human Longevity, Individual Life Duration, and the Growth of the Oldest-Old Population. Springer, 2007.

43

Gavrilov and Gavrilova Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity.

44

A. K. Freeman and M. Gordon Dermatologic Diseases and Problems в: Geriatric Medicine, ed. Cassel, 869.

45

A. Terman and U. T. Brunk Lipofuscin. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 36 (2004): 1400–1404; Freeman and Gordon Dermatologic Diseases and Problems.

46

R. A. Weale Age and the Transmittance of the Human Crystalline Lens // Journal of Physiology 395 (1988): 577–587.

47

Olshansky The Demography of Aging; дополнительные данные по пирамиде популяции можно посмотреть на сайте http://populationpyramid.net.

48

M. E. Pollack Intelligent Technology for an Aging Population: The Use of AI to Assist Elders with Cognitive Impairment // AI Magazine (Summer 2005): 9–25. См. также Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Economic Conditions and Emerging Risks in Banking: A Report to the FDIC Board of Directors, May 9, 2006, http://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/risk/2006_02/Economic_2006_02.html.

49

Данные по числу дипломированных геронтологов Американского совета по медицинским специализациям и Американского совета по терапии.

50

M. Gillick/ The Denial of Aging: Perpetual Youth, Eternal Life, and Other Dangerous Fantasies. Harvard University Press, 2006.

51

C. Boult et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Outpatient Geriatric Evaluation and Management // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49 (2001): 351–359.

52

Данные Американского совета по медицинским специализациям и Американского совета по психиатрии и неврологии; L. E. Garcez-Leme et al. Geriatrics in Brazil: A Big Country with Big Opportunities // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53 (2005): 2018–2022; C. L. Dotchin et al. Geriatric Medicine: Services and Training in Africa // Age and Ageing 41 (2013): 124–128.

53

D. C. Grabowski, C. M. Campbell, and M. A. Morrissey Elderly Licensure Laws and Motor Vehicle Fatalities // AMA 291 (2004): 2840–2846.

54

J. Spano Jury Told Weller Must Pay for Killing 10 // Los Angeles Times, Oct. 6, 2006; http://articles.latimes.com/2006/oct/06/local/me-weller6

55

Перевод Ю. Шор.

56

M. L. Nassau Old Age Poverty in Greenwich Village: A Neighborhood Study. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915.

57

M. Katz In the Shadow of the Poor house. Basic Books, 1986; M. Holstein and T. R. Cole The Evolution of Long-Term Care in America в кн.: The Future of Long-Term Care, ed. R. H. Binstock, L. E. Cluff, and O. Von Mering. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

58

State Charities Commission Second Annual Report of the State Charities Commission, 1912. Рр. 457–508; Virginia State Board of Charities and Corrections First Annual Report of State Board of Charities and Corrections, 1909.

59

Haber and Gratton Old Age and the Search for Security.

60

M. Barber Crotchety Harry Truman Remains an Icon of the Eruption // Seattle Post – Intelligencer, March 11, 2000; S. Rosen. Truman of Mt. St. Helens: The Man and His Mountain. Madrona Publishers, 1981. Трумэну посвящены две песни: кантри-хит Harry Truman, Your Spirit Lives On Р. У. Стоуна (1980) и сингл Harry Truman инди-рок-группы Headgear (2007).

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